Process Modeling

ReO^® software supports all key equipment used in typical gas and oil production systems–namely chokes, flow lines, risers, downcomers, pipe fittings, manifolds, multiphase separators, heat exchangers, gas compressors, pumps, H₂S and CO₂ removal scrubbers, etc.

For each type of equipment, a range of industry standard correlations are offered to meet the assets’ degree of complexity. The mathematical models are presented to users in various ways to allow them to focus on key objectives of their study without investing too much time in the area which will have small or no effect on the overall optimization calculations.

• Chokes: Both critical and sub-critical correlations (Sachdeva and Gilbert type) are available to accurately model the critical flow rate and pressure drop in a choke.
• Compressors: The simple gas compressor option is ideal when users are interested in running quick and simple what-if scenarios. The detailed gas compressor option is available to model the entire compressor station which is comprised of a turbine, compressor stages, gear boxes, heat exchangers, etc. Users are given an opportunity to enter the manufacturer’s data-head coefficient and efficiency curves for compressor stages, power and speed data for turbine, etc.
• Flow lines, risers and downcomers: ReO software offers a range of industry standard flow correlations to predict the pressure drop namely–Beggs and Brill, Dukler-Eaton-Flanigan, etc. The coupled fluid flow and heat transfer models facilitate accurate modeling of temperature changes. The application also allows users to specify tuning factors to augment the accuracy of the predictions.
• H₂S and CO₂ removal: The gas purifier object enables users to simulate the H₂S and CO₂ processing facility. Users can specify the efficiency and capacity of the processing plant.
• Heat exchangers: The simple heat exchanger option in the ReO application allows users to simulate the temperature change in the process stream quickly and efficiently. If users are interested in modeling the heat transfer processes in detail, a detailed heat exchanger model is also available which offers many heat exchanger types including the most commonly used shell and tube.
• Pipe fittings: The contribution of various pipe fittings in the overall pressure drop of the surface network could be significant. The application offers all commonly used pipe fittings namely–bends, contraction, enlargement and elbows. The industry standard equivalent length concept is used to calculate the pressure drops. Users can always specify the tuning factors to match the observed pressure drop.
• Pumps: Both centrifugal and reciprocating pump options are supported. Users can enter the pump performance data supplied by the manufacturer. This information along with the cost of compression is used by the optimizer to find the optimum speed along with the maximum possible efficiency.
• Separators: ReO software is capable of optimizing a multi-stage separator train on both gas and oil streams. For each separator stage, users can simulate field separations by specifying the entrainment factors for each stream.

For large network models, users can modify data for all the equipment quickly through global or sheet table view functionality. ReO’s subsheet feature helps users manage huge amounts of data and provides better visualization of the network.